撰文丨维南.杜文海格 夫妇
翻译丨菠萝蜜
编辑丨小葡萄
接上篇《新天地邪教对保惠师的错误理解》
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在新天地,“圣灵(holy spirit)”这个词指的是一个圣洁的灵(a spirit that is holy)。
新天地认为圣灵,不限于单指神自己的灵(the singular Spirit of God himself),还包括天上所有圣洁的天使(灵),而且他们拥有不同的任务。
当然,如果从希腊语中的灵(pneuma)或天使(angelon)来看,如果把上文论及的灵看作是“一个圣洁的灵(a holy spirit)”也确实没有问题。
但是,当我们读到“the(单数特指)Holy Spirit”情况却有变化。这种情况时,“the Holy Spirit”首字母大写,因为它指向一个实体——这是从希腊文“to(the) Pneuma/Pneumatos(Spirit) Hagion(Holy)”而来。
圣经在谈论很多灵或天使时是非常明确的,如可8:38中的圣洁的天使以及启示录中的七位天使。
而在谈论某个特定的灵时,比如“to Pneuma Hagion”,会用首字母大写加以确认,确认这是某个特定实体的名字。
新天地认为耶稣所应许的圣灵(the Holy Spirit),并不是2000年前已经来临的一个单一的灵。
他们所教导的是那曾经帮助过使徒们的灵体,实际上是“很多灵(holy spirits)”。
可是,圣经中几乎所有涉及“the Holy Spirit”的经文所指的都不是这个。
徒2:4 All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled them.(他们就都被圣灵充满,按着圣灵所赐的口才,说起别国的话来。)
此处附上根据圣徒所得的关于赐圣灵的应许与成就的时间轴:
约14:26中耶稣应许的是“the Advocate, the Holy Spirit(保惠师,圣灵)”,而不是“the Advocate, a holy spirit(保惠师,一个圣灵)”。
在英语中,描述一个个体,为了更加明确而深入地来解释这个特别的事物,会这么来表达,比如说“Henry, the policeman(亨利,警察)”。
因此,从语言学的角度讲:
the Advocate=the Holy Spirit
不管怎样,耶稣确认在说过如下内容的几天内圣灵(the Holy Spirit)将会被差遣到使徒那里:
徒1:3-5 After his suffering, he showed himself to these men and gave many convincing proofs that he was alive. He appeared to them over a period of forty days and spoke about the kingdom of God.On one occasion, while he was eating with them, he gave them this command: “Do not leave Jerusalem, but wait for the gift my Father promised, which you have heard me speak about.For John baptized with water, but in a few days you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.“(他受害之后,用许多的凭据将自己活活地显给使徒看,四十天之久向他们显现,讲说神国的事。耶稣和他们聚集的时候,嘱咐他们说:“不要离开耶路撒冷,要等候父所应许的,就是你们听见我说过的,约翰是用水施洗,但不多几日,你们要受圣灵的洗。”)
耶稣在太10:20里就承认圣灵(the Spirit)将会作为Helper/Comforter/Counselor(即帮助使徒的保惠师——译者注)赐给使徒们。圣灵作为保惠师赐给使徒们。
太10:20 for it will not be you speaking, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you.(因为不是你们自己说的,乃是你们父的灵在你们里头说的。)
圣灵(the Holy Spirit)甚至可能在五旬节之前就已经赐给了使徒们。
约20:21-22 Again Jesus said, “Peace be with you! As the Father has sent me, I am sending you.”And with that he breathed on them and said, “Receive the Holy Spirit.(耶稣又对他们说,愿你们平安。父怎样差遣了我,我也照样差遣你们。说了这话,就向他们吹一口气,说,你们受圣灵。)
圣灵(the Holy Spirit)也充满了其他人(使徒以外的人,甚至神所接纳的外邦人):
徒10:44-45 While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit came on all who heard the message.The circumcised believers who had come with Peter were astonished that the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out even on the Gentiles.(彼得还说这话的时候,圣灵降在一切听道的人身上。那些奉割礼和彼得同来的信徒,见圣灵的恩赐也浇在外邦人身上,就都希奇。)
徒15:8God, who knows the heart, showed that he accepted them giving the Holy Spirit to them, just as he did to us.(知道人心的神,也为他们作了见证。赐圣灵给他们,正如给我们一样。)
为求更加清晰,以下列出关于使徒被圣灵(the same one Holy Spirit)充满而赐予不同能力(gifts)的经文。
林前12:8-13To one there is given through the Spirit the message of wisdom, to another the message of knowledge means of the same Spirit,to another faith the same Spirit, to another gifts of healing that one Spirit,to another miraculous powers, to another prophecy, to another distinguishing between spirits, to another speaking in different kinds of tongues, and to still another the interpretation of tongues.All these are the work of one and the same Spirit, and he gives them to each one, just as he determines.The body is a unit, though it is made up of many parts; and though all its parts are many, they form one body. So it is with Christ.For we were all baptized one Spirit into one body–whether Jews or Greeks, slave or free–and we were all given the one Spirit to drink.(这人蒙圣灵赐他智慧的言语。那人也蒙这位圣灵赐他知识的言语。又有一人蒙这位圣灵赐他信心。还有一人蒙这位圣灵赐他医病的恩赐。又叫一人能行异能。又叫一人能作先知。又叫一人能辨别诸灵。又叫一人能说方言。又叫一人能翻方言。这一切都是这位圣灵所运行,随己意分给各人的。就如身子是一个,却有许多肢体。而且肢体虽多,仍是一个身子。基督也是这样。我们不拘是犹太人,是希利尼人,是为奴的,是自主的,都从一位圣灵受洗,成了一个身体。饮于一位圣灵。)
因此,我们可以清楚地看到:神只有一个圣灵!但神可以通过这个圣灵,给予很多不同的恩赐,比如医治、异能、先知等。
腓1:27Whatever happens, conduct yourselves in a manner worthy of the gospel of Christ. Then, whether I come and see you or only hear about you in my absence, I will know that you stand firm in one Spirit, striving together as one for the faith of the gospel.(只要你们行事为人与基督的福音相称。叫我或来见你们,或不在你们那里,可以听见你们的景况,知道你们同有一个心志,站立得稳,为所信的福音齐心努力。)
我们再次看到,此处显示“你们”这些神在腓立比的圣民,(striving together as one)他们要努力成为一体,必须站稳在一个灵里(one Spirit),而不是多个灵。
因此,一个实体(the Holy Spirit)可以同时通过不同的人(肉体)来做工。这圣灵帮助他们,安慰他们,劝诫他们。
有一次新天地教会的担任,想证明圣灵保惠师不是在五旬节所赐的圣灵。
新天地将五旬节所发生的说方言的事,与哥林多前书14:19所说到的intelligible words(明白易懂的话语)做了个比较。
如果我们仔细查考圣经,会发现五旬节所说的话语,事实上是明白易懂的话语,否则为什么人们都听懂了他们所说的话?
圣灵不仅只是用难懂的方言(speak in tongues),而且由于特定的原因,即为了基督教第一个教会的建立,用了其他语言(speak in other languages)。
文本显示很明确:
还有一处可以证明:圣灵是在使徒时代就被差遣来了!而且被他们看作是与神和耶稣的权威相一致的存在。
——此处圣灵给予他们感动(the fellowship)的表述,与希腊文中parakletos(帮助者,安慰者)的角色是一致的。
林后3:16-18 But whenever anyone turns to the Lord, the veil is taken away.Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom.And we, who with unveiled faces all reflect the Lord’s glory, are being transformed into his likeness with ever-increasing glory, which comes from the Lord, who is the Spirit.(但他们的心几时归向主,帕子就几时除去了。主就是那灵。主的灵在哪里,哪里就得以自由。我们众人既然敞着脸,得以看见主的荣光,好像从镜子里返照,就变成主的形状,荣上加荣,如同从主的灵变成的。)
可见,新天地用“many holy spirits”许多圣灵代替“the Holy Spirit”独一圣灵的概念,是新天地想努力削弱独一圣灵(the Holy Spirit)的权威、大能和恩赐!
新天地也试图要捏造一个新的故事,即新天地说保惠师圣灵(the Holy Spirit/Advocate)有特定的角色,且仅通过如今一个特定的肉体来做工,但是真正的保惠师圣灵,但真正的圣灵保惠师在2000年前就已经应允赐给那时特定的一群人了。
我们需要非常小心,以免犯了亵渎圣灵或者不承认其大能的罪:
如果圣灵(the Holy Spirit)仅仅是指新天地所说的一个圣洁的灵魂(a spirit that is holy),就像天使们一样,毫无疑问干犯这些天使们并没有干犯耶稣的罪大,因为耶稣拥有比天使们更高的地位……
但此处很明显,干犯圣灵被视为是比干犯耶稣更严重的事情,这就表明这个圣灵(the Holy Spirit)是如同神一样的存在(God-like being)!绝对不是指许许多多所谓天上的义人、灵、使者、天使!
未完待续
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